Tran, Bulgaria
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Tran ( bg, Трън, lit=thorn, ) is a small town in
Tran Municipality Tran may refer to: Arts, media, and entertainment * "Tran", a novel in the Janissaries series named for a fictional planet * Dr. Tran, an animated miniseries People * Trần (陳), a Vietnamese surname * Tran, member of the Nazi-era comedy duo ...
,
Pernik Province Pernik Province is a province in western Bulgaria, neighbouring Serbia. Its main city is Pernik, and other municipalities are Breznik, Kovachevtsi, Radomir, Tran, and Zemen. Population Pernik province had a population of 133,750 according ...
, western
Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...
. It is from Breznik and from the border with
Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...
.


Geography


Location

Tran is located in a mountainous region, close to the border with Serbia and to the nearby towns Breznik and
Dragoman A dragoman or Interpretation was an interpreter, translator, and official guide between Turkish-, Arabic-, and Persian-speaking countries and polities of the Middle East and European embassies, consulates, vice-consulates and trading posts. A ...
. It is located on the banks of the river Erma, in the easternmost part of the high mountain valley Znepole.


Climate

The town has a
humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freezing ...
(
Dfb DFB may refer to: * Deerfield Beach, Florida, a city * Decafluorobutane, a fluorocarbon gas * Dem Franchize Boyz, former hip hop group, Atlanta, Georgia * Dfb, Köppen climate classification for Humid continental climate * Distributed-feedback ...
) with large temperature amplitudes, similar to that of
Sofia Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and ha ...
. The lowest temperature in Bulgaria was recorded in Tran in January 1947. With temperatures frequently dropping to through the winter, Tran can be considered one of the coldest towns in
Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...
.


History

Once here
Thracians The Thracians (; grc, Θρᾷκες ''Thrāikes''; la, Thraci) were an Indo-European languages, Indo-European speaking people who inhabited large parts of Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe in ancient history.. ...
,
Goths The Goths ( got, 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰, translit=''Gutþiuda''; la, Gothi, grc-gre, Γότθοι, Gótthoi) were a Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Europe ...
,
Slavs Slavs are the largest European ethnolinguistic group. They speak the various Slavic languages, belonging to the larger Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages. Slavs are geographically distributed throughout northern Eurasia, main ...
lived here successively. The Goths are from the
Heruli The Heruli (or Herules) were an early Germanic people. Possibly originating in Scandinavia, the Heruli are first mentioned by Roman authors as one of several "Scythian" groups raiding Roman provinces in the Balkans and the Aegean Sea, attacking b ...
tribe and settled for the purpose of mining. The Slavic settlement was quite massive, as evidenced by the almost one hundred percent Slavic name system of the topographic areas in Tran region. Proto-Bulgarian presence is not attested. After the defeat of the Thracian tribes from the
Roman Empire The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Mediterr ...
, they were subjected to assimilation, and in Tran region the
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
language was used and they subsequently either acquired and maintained Vlach self-consciousness, or became Slavicized. Traces of Wallachian-Roman-Thracian influence are the name of the local dialect of the town square - Piazza, Italian. piazza, Chirchilat peak, Rui peak and mountain, Radovo village, etc. Tran region is in the middle of two large Slavic tribes that settled in the Balkans and gave the names of the rivers - Strumi and Moravians. The former are Dacian Slavs or southern Slavs from the Bulgarian group and the latter are a large swarm of Western Slavs, Czech Moravians. In the past, the so-called Znepolski Drum - the old road that connected
Dubrovnik Dubrovnik (), historically known as Ragusa (; see notes on naming), is a city on the Adriatic Sea in the region of Dalmatia, in the southeastern semi-exclave of Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterran ...
and the
Adriatic The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) ...
with
Serdica Serdika or Serdica (Bulgarian: ) is the historical Roman name of Sofia, now the capital of Bulgaria. Currently, Serdika is the name of a district located in the city. It includes four neighbourhoods: "Fondovi zhilishta"; "Banishora", "Orlandovts ...
. Thus, today's Tran in those days was an important trade centre. Life in Antiquity at the present city is documented only by the discovered ancient tomb and by found Roman coins from the IV century. For the first time, Tran entered the borders of Bulgaria during the conquest of
Sofia Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and ha ...
by
Khan Krum Krum ( bg, Крум, el, Κροῦμος/Kroumos), often referred to as Krum the Fearsome ( bg, Крум Страшни) was the Khan of Bulgaria from sometime between 796 and 803 until his death in 814. During his reign the Bulgarian territory ...
in April 809. During the First Bulgarian Kingdom, under
King Samuel Samuel (also Samuil; bg, Самуил, ; mk, Самоил/Самуил, ; Old Church Slavonic: Самоилъ; died October 6, 1014) was the Tsar (''Emperor'') of the First Bulgarian Empire from 997 to 6 October 1014. From 977 to 997, he was ...
, as a famous historical figure stands out as the boyar Krakra Pernishki, who was entrusted with the lands in
Pernik Pernik ( bg, Перник ) is a town in western Bulgaria (about south-west of Sofia) with a population of 70,285 . Pernik is the most populated town in western Bulgaria after Sofia. It is the main town of Pernik Province and lies on both bank ...
, Sofia and Tran. The boyar put up fierce resistance to Emperor Basil II for more than 10 years, but nevertheless, in 1018 this area, together with the rest of Bulgaria, came under Byzantine rule. During the
Ottoman rule Ottoman is the Turkish spelling of the Arabic masculine given name Uthman ( ar, عُثْمان, ‘uthmān). It may refer to: Governments and dynasties * Ottoman Caliphate, an Islamic caliphate from 1517 to 1924 * Ottoman Empire, in existence fro ...
, the city was known as a market town and was named ''Iznebol Kabasi'', ''Taran Palanka'' and ''Tran Palanka''. According to a legend, the name Tran itself comes from even more distant times, when according to the legend there was a large thorn here, under the branches of which there was a healing spring, with the waters from which the local priest Terapontius healed the believers. At the end of the 18th century, during the devastation of
Ali Pasha of Ioannina Ali Pasha of Ioannina (1740 – 24 January 1822), was an Albanian ruler who served as pasha of a large part of western Rumelia, the Ottoman Empire's European territories, which was referred to as the Pashalik of Yanina. His court was in Ioanni ...
, groups from Kostur moved to Tran. An Ayan of Breznik, Kara Feizi, in the area of ​​Tran, one of the most successful
Kardzhali Kardzhali ( bg, Кърджали , ''Kărdžali''; tr, Kırcaali; gr, Κάρτζαλι, ''Kártzali''), sometimes spelt Kardžali or Kurdzhali, is a town in the Eastern Rhodopes in Bulgaria, centre of Kardzhali Municipality and Kardzhali Provi ...
leaders persecuted the local population. After his death, his son Ali Bey took over the administration of the district, from whose arbitrariness he screamed the local population to such an extent that he sent complaints to the central government several times and eventually Ali Bey was removed, handed over to the authorities and killed on the way to
Constantinople la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه , alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis (" ...
. After the end of the Russo-Turkish War of 1828-1829, the so-called Znepol Uprising broke out in the area of ​​Tran in 1830. For a short time, Tran was free, but immediately after that the Ottoman authorities brutally dealt with the rebels. In 1871 the Tran Revolutionary Committee was founded in the monastery "Archangel Michael". The committee is headed by Dimo Petrichev and Gigo Masalovichki. The committee took an active part in the Serbo-Turkish War of 1876. The detachments of
Simo Sokolov Simo or SIMO may refer to: People * Simo (given name), a given name * Simo (surname), a surname * Simone "Simo" Teti, of Paris & Simo * Simo (footballer) (Wassim Keddari Boulif), Spanish footballer nicknamed ''Simo'' Other uses * SIMO (band), ...
and Grozdan Nasalevski took part in it. These two detachments later joined the Russo-Turkish Liberation War of 1877-1878. They were joined by the detachment formed by Tako Peev. Thus Tran became the centre of the so-called Shop uprising, in the course of which the Tran, Breznik, Radomir and Kjustendil regions were liberated. At the end of the Liberation War, Tran came under the temporary rule of
Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...
until 1879. The Neuilly-sur-Seine Treaty had severe consequences for Tran, with which a large number of settlements were separated from the district and given to Serbia, and others such as Vrabcha, Strezimirovtsi, Bankya (village) and Petachintsi, are literally halved, and even today you can see the houses through which the border passes, dividing them into two - divided yards, cemeteries, as well as many families.


Culture

One distinctive feature of the town is the specific Tran dialect of the
Bulgarian language Bulgarian (, ; bg, label=none, български, bălgarski, ) is an Eastern South Slavic language spoken in Southeastern Europe, primarily in Bulgaria. It is the language of the Bulgarians. Along with the closely related Macedonian la ...
spoken in Tran, which is part of the Transitional dialect group.


Churches

* „Saint Nikola" – in the centre of town * „Saint Petka" – in Barintsi neighbourhood * „Saint Petka" – chapel on top of Barintsi neighbourhood * „Saint Troitsa" – chapel in Murgovitsa neighbourhood * Pentecostalist church


Notable people

* Vlado Trichkov (1899 – 1944), communist partizan * Gjurga Pindzhurova (1895 – 1971), opera singer * Dencho Znepolski (1920 – 1989), communist partizan *
Dimitar Karadimchev Dimitar ( bg, Димитър; Macedonian: Димитар) is a South Slavic masculine given name. It is widely found in Bulgaria and North Macedonia. Dimitar is derived from Saint Demetrius (280–306), alternate form of Demetrius. Containing the ...
(1860 – 1940), public figure * Zhana Gŭlŭbova (1908 – 2009), scientist, essayist and publicist *
Konstantin Bajkushev The first name Konstantin () is a derivation from the Latin name ''Constantinus'' (Constantine) in some European languages, such as Russian and German. As a Christian given name, it refers to the memory of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great. ...
(1867 – 1932), forester *
Nikola Popov Nikola () is a given name which, like Nicholas, is a version of the Greek ''Nikolaos'' (Νικόλαος). It is common as a masculine given name in the South Slavic countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, North Macedonia, Montene ...
(1922 – 2015), economist, academic * Sazdo Ivanov (1899 – 1996), scientist * Slavcho Transki (1914 – 1999), communist partizan * Stamen Grigorov (1878 – 1945), physician, microbiologist and founder of ''Lactobacillus bulgaricus''


Honour

Tran Crag on
Livingston Island Livingston Island (Russian name ''Smolensk'', ) is an Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago, a group of Antarctic islands north of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was the first land discovered south of 60 ...
in the
South Shetland Islands The South Shetland Islands are a group of Antarctic islands with a total area of . They lie about north of the Antarctic Peninsula, and between southwest of the nearest point of the South Orkney Islands. By the Antarctic Treaty of 195 ...
,
Antarctica Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest contine ...
is named after Tran.


See also

*
Torlakian dialect Torlakian, or Torlak is a group of South Slavic dialects of southeastern Serbia, Kosovo, northeastern North Macedonia, and northwestern Bulgaria. Torlakian, together with Bulgarian and Macedonian, falls into the Balkan Slavic linguistic ar ...


Notes

Towns in Bulgaria Populated places in Pernik Province {{Pernik-geo-stub